Exercise and golf, baseball and other sport training apparatus

ABSTRACT

A golf and other swing training and exercising apparatus including a base platform, a vertical support frame, a rotating swing arm connected between a grip and a resistance source which enables a user to execute a simulated golf or other swing by rotating the arm against the resistance. The structural configuration of the apparatus insures that minimum resistance to the correct swing execution is provided when the swing is executed with the proper body muscle groups and in the proper swing plane.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to sports training equipment and in particular toa machine used to improve a person's ability to perform the swingmotions required in any one of a number of athletic games or sports.

The present invention also relates generally to golf swingingapparatuses and devices for developing the physical capabilities of agolfer and, more particularly, to a golf swing training and exercisingdevice for developing the muscle groups of a golfer associated with agolf swing, such muscle training being accomplished with the assistanceof a constant resistive force applied to the user during the course ofboth the backstroke and follow-through swing. The present invention isalso useful as a physical therapy device for rehabilitating variousinjuries and ailments for which exercising of the golfing muscle groupswill aid in rehabilitation.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In athletic sports such as baseball, softball, golf, tennis, hockey, andthe like, implements such as bats, clubs, rackets or sticks are swung tostrike and propel a ball or puck. In each of these sports particularbody positions, or stances, and particular swinging motions are used toachieve this. While there are certain differences between the stances,swing planes, and swing motions for baseball, golf, hockey, and tennis,there are also important similarities.

In most such swinging motions, the implement that is swung moves in apath that is generally a planar arc about a pivot point or axis. Thispath may not always be a perfect circular arc about a fixed pivot pointin one plane, but the striking portion of the bat, club, stick, orracket moves in a path that generally approximates such a centrifugalarc. The central pivot point or axis of rotation for these athleticswinging motions lies in the vicinity of the inner side of the upperspinal column between the shoulders of the person performing the swing,more or less central to the upper torso and neck.

In each athletic swing, precise positional control of the swing path,through the striking point, is very important. Also, mechanicalefficiency of the entire swing motion, acceleration and power allcontribute to the effectiveness of hitting in these sports. Specificmuscle coordination and strength are required of all of the muscleswhich come into play, and in some cases muscular endurance is alsoneeded. Particular muscles in the legs, torso, shoulders, arms,forearms, wrists and hands all contribute to such swinging actions.

The present invention utilizes two well known and widely acceptedtraining concepts to develop proficiency in particular athletic skills.The first is that muscle strength and endurance are developed byrepeatedly contracting the muscles against resistance, through aparticular range of motion; and the second is that training is specific.This means that training of a coordinated group of muscles used toperform a specific action can effectively be achieved by repeatedlyperforming the actual, specific event. Athletic maneuvers, such asproficiently swinging a bat, club or racket, require learning andrepetitive training to improve muscular coordination, power and control.

In most sports requiring a ball to be struck and propelled by a swungimplement, one of the primary objectives is to strike the ball with asmuch force as possible. In baseball, softball and golf, for example, itis often desirable to hit the ball as far as possible, and in tennis itis helpful to hit with control and velocity. This requires a high degreeof muscular power along with good control of the swing path. Thebaseball swing seemingly requires the most muscle power because of theweight of the typical bat and the rapid acceleration that is requireddue to the very brief response time allowed by a fast pitch. This musclestrength can be developed most effectively by working all of thecoordinated muscles involved, against resistance, through a criticalrange of motion. The most critical range of the swing motion, where themost strength is required, is from the starting position of the swing upto the point of contact with the ball. It is through this zone that thebat or club must be rapidly accelerated and driven, to maximize theforce and momentum at the impact point. This momentum is the product ofthe fixed mass and impact velocity of the bat or club head. A continueddriving force through impact also helps to overcome the oppositemomentum of a baseball or resting inertia of a golf ball or the like.The follow through or completion of the swing after contact with theball is important for assuring a proper and repeatable swing form, butnot as important in terms of muscle strength.

The present invention provides a training device which accommodates avariety of particular swinging motions that apply to different athleticsports, while providing a variable resistance to such swings in the mostappropriate realm of the swing path. By repeatedly using this device,the training effect can be achieved to improve the proficiency of atrainee's ability to perform such swings in the actual events.

It is also desirable to be able to develop efficient, powerful swingmotions in either a clockwise or counter clockwise direction. There are,in all sports, both right-handed and left-handed swingers. In tennis,moreover, the ball may be struck with a forward swing that can be eithera forehand or backhand stroke, and in baseball it is beneficial to beable to swing equally well from either side of the plate to compensatefor right or left-handed pitchers. The present invention accommodatesboth forward swing directions and is particularly well suited fordeveloping this switch hitting capability. In cases involving swinging abat, golf club or racket, such actual implements may be used in priorart training, but the present invention utilizes a special swingimplement which replicates that of the appropriate bat, club, etc.

One embodiment of the present invention relates to a baseball trainingdevice adopted for teaching players correct striking force and movement.

It is a common knowledge that one of the most important skills for abaseball player is an eye and hand coordination and the ability tostrike a ball at a precise place, so called “soft spot”, to carry theball to a desired distance. Various teaching devices have been known fortraining beginner players, some of the teaching tools including avertically mounted upright standard with a ball tethered to the standardon either a solid support arm or a flexible tether string.

The devices that utilize a rigid support arm hold a baseball in a fixedposition, allowing the arm to rotate about the standard following astrike by a player. The devices that use a tether line allow the ball tofreely spin about the standard and come to rest under gravity. The ballin a flexible tether system is usually suspended from a horizontal armextending from the upright standard and offers virtually no resistanceto a striking force exerted by the player. Such systems do not allow aplayer to develop the necessary skills to apply the correct amount offorce to strike the ball. As a result, it is difficult to teach theplayer the correct amount of force that needs to be applied to hit aball that moves at a considerable speed toward the player.

Devices provided in the past for improving a practice swing of a golfclub, baseball bat, or the like, generally have been restricted toeither improving the path of a swing or a particular portion of theswing.

The present invention relates to a golf swing training and muscleexercising apparatus which enables a user to simulate the movements of aproper swing and which also exercises the muscles of the golfer makingsuch a swing, combined in a single apparatus.

In playing the game of golf, optimum shot making performance is achievedwhen a golf club is swung on a precise plane using specific musclegroups to maximize the energy transfer from the club head to a golfball. In learning to play the game, many natural tendencies, oftenlearned from playing other sports, must be overcome to properly positionthe club head relative to a ball during a swing. For example, theproperty executed swing requires that a club be swung on an inside tooutside path bringing the club head square with respect to the ball atimpact using the large muscles of the body in combination with the handsto maximize the power generated during the swing.

Whereas the concepts appear relatively simple, particularly whenexecuted by a highly proficient golfer, in fact it is often difficult,if not impossible, for a beginner to properly train himself in thedevelopment and execution of a golf swing. In this regard, manybeginning and also experienced players seek the assistance of teachingprofessionals to learn the fundamentals and also to improve a previouslydeveloped golf swing. Using this teacher method, it is usually possibleto provide only visual and audible feedback to the player thereforeleaving the player to develop the proper swing movements by himselfbased on this feedback.

Many attempts have been made to provide training and/or exercisingdevices which enable a golfer to execute a proper golf swing so that agolfer has physical feedback of the swing motion. There have also been anumber of exercise devices which are designed to stimulate andstrengthen specific muscle groups attuned to the swinging of a golfclub.

Among the prior art patents relating to such swing training devices areU.S. Pat. No. 3,703,294 for Golf Swing Training Apparatus. Other priorart patents which are designed to exercise golf muscles are U.S. Pat.No. 2,848,234 for Golf Swing Conditioner and U.S. Pat. No. 3,614,108 fora Golf Practice Device.

There are a number of prior art devices which are specifically designedto teach a player the proper swing movements and swing plane positionsof a golf club during a golf swing as shown by U.S. Pat. No. 1,893,920for Golf Swing Device, U.S. Pat. No. 2,328,408 for Golf Stroke TeachingMachine, U.S. Pat. No. 2,458,932 for Golf Practicing and TeachingApparatus, U.S. Pat. No. 2,788,214 for Golf Teaching and PracticingDevice, U.S. Pat. No. 3,319,963 for Golf Swing Guiding Device IncludingCorrect Swing Indicator, U.S. Pat. No. 3,429,571 for Programmed SwingTraining Device, U.S. Pat. No. 3,462,156 for Golf Practice Device, U.S.Pat. No. 3,738,661 for Golf Exercising Device, U.S. Pat. No. 4,262,573for Golf Swing Simulator Device, U.S. Pat. No. 4,580,786 for Device ForControlling Golf Swing, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,653,757 for Golf SwingTraining Apparatus among a number of others.

Whereas the majority of the prior art works somewhat for their intendedpurposes, they are often complex in nature requiring sophisticatedmanufacturing and/or installation procedures. Further shortcomings,particularly with the more simple prior art devices, permit the golfclub to be swung in a number of different planes while just generallysimulating the golf swing arc which actually can train the golfer tomake improper swing movements: The prior art exercising devices do notconsider the position and plane of the golf club during the exercisedevice except in a most general way.

When making a golf swing, a line of force which moves the golf club tostrike the ball starts with the golfer's pulling motion. This pullingmotion follows a parabolic arc which has a starting point above anddistal to the golfer's right shoulder. This arc needs leverage to gainmomentum and reach increased velocity quickly. The human body isdesigned in a way which predetermines the best leverage. The golfer'slegs, hips, spine, shoulders, arms and hands are the levers.

The body's mechanical levers need to be used to put the golf club inposition at the top of the back-swing in as simple or least complicatedmeans as possible. The swing training machine of the present inventionhas a lever arm that rotates as the golfer swings, thus the resistancefor the golfer comes from behind the golfer's swing plane; or frompulling. This resistance to the centrifugal force of the swing must comefrom a moving arm. When the golfer's leverage is out of alignment withthe resistance from the arc arm, the centrifugal force is destroyed andbecomes ineffective thus losing leverage and causing restraint.

To strike a golf ball, the force comes from behind the ball and goesforward with the force of the club head at right angles to the target,and a force line directed toward the target will send the golf ballstraight to the target.

An improper spinning force right to left will cause the ball to hook. Aball spinning left to right will slice, and a ball with backspin at 21revolutions will go straight. The ball may go higher or lower intrajectory, but not off line.

In U.S. Pat. No. 4,229,002 there is provided a golf swing exercisedevice which may be utilized indoors. It provides a T-shaped supportbeam. A golf grip and part of a golf club shaft is securely attached toone end of a rope and a weight is attached to the opposite end of therope. The rope passes through pulleys secured to the support beam. Theuser exercises by grasping the golf grip and simulating a golf swingwhich reciprocates the weight attached to the rope. Since there is onlyone rope involved, the nature of the forces applied to the simulatedgolf club are restricted.

In U.S. Pat. No. 3,966,203 there is provided a golf swing practice andexercise device in which a free fall weight moves vertically along anopen-ended guide tube. A cord is attached at one of the weights andpasses through a guide eye at the top of the tube and through a secondguide farther down the tube and terminates in a sock which can beattached to the head of a golf club. The cord applies a restraining pullto the golf club head to vary the degree of exercise obtained in use.Again the device is restricted to a single cord and is limited in thenature of the forces which can be applied.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,181,310 shows an apparatus for analyzing the movement ofa golf swing. A first line is provided between a measuring device andthe golf club head and a second line between a measuring device and theplayer's body. The purpose of the device is one of analyzing rather thanexercising and the fact that only one line is provided to the golf clubhead imposes limitations.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,034,991 shows a device for use in manipulating a golfclub swing. A weighted member such as a slider is secured to anothermember for guiding the slider through a predetermined path. A pair offlexible cords are secured to a pair of spaced apart posts and engageboth the slider and the golf club head. As the user swings the golf clubthe slider is caused to follow a predetermined path causing the flexiblecords to become taut, or slack, at predetermined points through theswing. In this fashion the golf head is caused to be swung to accelerateat maximum speed through the point of contact with the ball. Althoughtwo flexible cords are provided in this configuration, they function ina fashion such that they tend to control the action of the swing withoutproviding much in the way of muscle tone improving features, and withoutproviding resistance as the swing moves the golf head through the ballimpact zone.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,225,133 discloses a device for teaching battingtechniques which includes a base platform having a well for the batter'saft or rear foot, an arm that provides a yieldable barrier for thebatter's forward foot, and a cord or cable that checks the batter'sswing at levels above his strike zone. U.S. Pat. No. 4,577,868 disclosesa golf swing training device which includes a plurality of alignedpressure sensors for detecting the golfer's shifting weight during thegolf swing and memory circuits that are utilized to issue alarmsadvising the golfer of the proper weight shifts during the golf swing.U.S. Pat. No. 4,955,608 discloses an athletic movement trainer used bytennis players. The trainer has straps that attach to the ankles of thetennis player and a cord extending from those ankle straps to a loop ona belt around the waist of the tennis player.

The prior art is well documented with golf swing exercising and trainingdevices for use in developing the muscular capability of a golfer. Thepurpose behind such devices generally is to improved both the mechanicsand amount of force capable of being applied by a golfer during a golfswing.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,984,801 teaches a golf swing muscle strengthener devicewhich consists of a structural member attached to a conventional golfclub, the member including being clamped to the handle of the club andincluding a plurality of weights which are suspended from the member sothat they are directly below the golfer's grip. U.S. Pat. No. 5,209,481teaches another type of golf swing strengthening device whichincorporates just the handle portion of a golf club and which againincludes a selective plurality of weights which are secured to adownwardly extending end of an elongate member.

A further type of golf swing muscle developer is disclosed in U.S. Pat.Nos. 4,135,714 and 4,253,663. The '714 patent discloses a flexible cordattached to and wound around a spring loaded or spring-retarded pulleymounted to a wall or other stationary vertical support surface. Anelongate handle is attached to a free end of the flexible cord remotefrom the pulley and, upon repetitive use by a golfer, strains andstrengthens the muscles of the user. The '663 patent is similar to the'714 disclosure and also teaches a U-shaped mounting bracket designwhich is capable of being mounted over a horizontal top of a door orother support.

A further type of muscle strengthener device is disclosed in U.S. Pat.No. 3,876,212 which teaches an arched overhead support which is mountedon rollers so as to be rotated about a fixed axis to selected positionson a supporting surface. A downwardly extending and slidably movablemechanism is secured to the arched overhead support and includes threemovably interconnected shafts, the lowermost of which is adapted to beconnected to the implement to be swung. A system including hydraulicfluid, valves, electrical sensors and electrical actuators is providedeither for detecting movements of the shafts or causing selectedmovements of the shafts. Unlike, the other cited references, this devicedoes not appear to disclose any means for establishing or adjusting aresistive force during either the backstroke or follow through swing ofthe user.

A further type of golf practice apparatus is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.5,737,432, which teaches a device capable of positioning the golfer andcoordinating the golfer's movements in a controlled manner. The '432patent teaches structure for positioning the golfer's head during themechanics of the follow through swing, as well as the golfer'smidsection and in addition provides an elevated platform upon which thegolfer stands, however this patent does not teach or suggest generatinga constant and resistive force for developing the golfing muscles of theuser.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,583,740 teaches a further type of golf swing trainingdevice in which the golfing muscles of the user are exercised and whichdiscloses a tubular guide for directing a modified golf club, the clubincluding a disc-shaped and weighted slide which is affixed to the clubshaft and slidably engaged within the tubular guide. The weight slide isremovable and can be replaced with other varying weights so as to varythe amount of resistive force. Also disclosed in the Golf TrainingSystems brochure is a swing development device which appears to includean upwardly extending body and, connected thereto, a cord and handle forapplying resistive support to the user.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, it is an important object of the present invention toprovide an exercise device that is capable of being used by anyindividual who would like to improve his or her swing relating to thedifferent types of sports wherein the wrist, arm and shoulder musclesplay an important part in the playing of the game. In tennis, racketball, baseball and golf one must develop a swing action. Therefore, thepresent invention provides a means to exercise the related muscles whileusing the device in a similar action as required in the above-mentionedsports.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of one embodiment of the apparatus ofthe present invention with the major parts labeled. FIG. 1 shows theapparatus of the present invention in the vertical position with aplatform which rests on a floor surface.

FIG. 2 is a side view of the actuator arm assembly of the presentinvention.

FIG. 3 is a side view and an end view of the novel two-way spool of thepresent invention, which provides both clockwise and counter-clockwisemotion of the actuator arm.

FIG. 4 is a schematic depiction of the extension springs, attachments,and the arm showing the rotation.

FIG. 5 is a top view and side view of the attachment means between theactuator arm and the drive shaft.

FIG. 6 is a side and an end view of the suspension plates, two-wayspool, leverage reducing guide rollers and orbital spooling linkage.

FIG. 7 depicts the two-way spool housing through which the leveragereducing guide rollers are attached.

FIG. 8 is a schematic depiction of one embodiment of the guide roller ofthe present invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic depiction of the guide roller of the presentinvention.

FIG. 10 is a schematic depiction of the drive linkage, guide rollers,driveshaft and connections to the actuator arm.

FIG. 11 is a side and frontal schematic depiction of one embodiment ofthe apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a depiction of the present invention as it may be used by anindividual for golf-type swinging exercises and mounted vertically foruse as baseball, softball, tennis, or the like swinging exercise.

FIG. 13 is a side and front schematic depiction of the two-way cam spoolof life present invention.

FIG. 14 shows the offset grip in use in the golf application, indicatingthe grip balance point.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 16 is an exploded view of the base of one embodiment of theapparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is an exploded view of the swing arm and handle of the presentinvention.

FIG. 18 is an exploded view of a two-way spool of the present inventionshowing the attachments thereto.

FIG. 19 is an exploded view of the two-way spool, resistance coils,adjustment means, and various attachments thereto.

FIG. 20 is a side sectional view of one embodiment of the apparatus ofthe present invention with the major parts labeled showing the apparatusof the present invention in the vertical position with a platform whichrests on a floor surface.

FIG. 21 is a side view of another embodiment of the present inventionwhich is attached to a wall wherein the apparatus extends horizontally.When in this position the apparatus is particularly useful in trainingfor baseball, tennis, handball and the like to strengthen and improvethe swinging motion required in those sports.

FIG. 22 shows the range of motion of the actuator arm of one embodimentof the present invention. This range of motion, or slip zone, isprovided by the incorporation of the slip sleeve arm mount, the stop pinand the shaft. The slip sleeve arm mount has a opening or journal whichallows a range of motion before the resistance coil is actuated.

FIG. 23 is a side view of the novel two-way spool of the presentinvention which provides for both clockwise and counterclockwise motionof the actuator arm.

FIG. 24 is a depiction of the two-way spool of one embodiment of thepresent invention showing the flexible linkage and the attachment of theflexible linkage to the two-way spool. The attachment of the flexiblelinkage to the two-way spool is by known means.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

As can be seen from FIG. 1, the apparatus of the present invention isuniquely suited for improving the strength and technique for swinging agolf club. A user can place one or both hands on the hand grip which isadvantageously padded and/or formed to fit a human's grip and by pullingdown the flexible linkage allows a full range of motion both clockwiseand counterclockwise, thereby accommodating both left and right handedusers.

The apparatus of the invention is also useful for exercise to strengthenthe torso, deltoids, shoulders, etc., when the apparatus is in thevertical position. The apparatus may also be placed in the horizontalposition where it can be used to strengthen the pectorals, lats andother muscles. When in this position the apparatus is particularlyuseful in training for baseball, tennis, handball and the like tostrengthen and improve the swinging motion required in those sports.

FIG. 1 shows the preferred resistance as being a coil or set of coils,or spring(s), however, the resistance means can also be an air or otherfluid piston or a combination of such a piston and a resistance coil.

As can be seen from the figures and description, one embodiment of thepresent invention, in addition to a novel exercise apparatus, is a novelgolf, baseball, or other sport swing training and strengthening devicefor simulating the proper swing path and for exercising the swingmuscles comprising:

-   -   a base;    -   a housing connected to said base and extending in a generally        vertical direction therefrom;    -   a swing or actuator arm having a vertical proximal end rotatably        attached to said housing by a shaft which rotates with said        swing or actuator arm and extending toward a user of said        apparatus and having a distal end terminating in a generally        horizontal direction thereto;    -   a flexible linkage member connected to said distal end of said        swing arm for permitting universal movement between said member        and said swing arm;    -   a resistance means and a linkage means operably corrected to the        resistance means;    -   the resistance means cooperating with said shaft for providing        resistance to movement of said swing arm when said swing arm is        rotated by a user during the simulation of a swing; and    -   said linkage being moveable in either clockwise or        counterclockwise direction against said resistance.

As can be further seen from the figures and description, one embodimentof the present invention, is a novel exercise apparatus and a novelgolf, baseball, or other sport swing training and strengthening devicefor simulating the proper swing path and for exercising the swingmuscles comprising:

-   -   a base;    -   a housing connected to said base and extending in a generally        vertical direction therefrom;    -   a swing or actuator arm having a vertical proximal end rotatably        attached to said housing by a shaft which rotates with said        swing or actuator arm and extending toward a user of said        apparatus and having a distal end terminating in a generally        horizontal direction thereto;    -   a flexible linkage member connected to said distal end of said        swing or actuator arm for permitting universal movement between        said member and said swing or actuator arm;    -   a resistance means and a linkage means operably corrected to the        resistance means;    -   the resistance means cooperating with said shaft for providing        resistance to movement of said swing or actuator arm when said        swing or actuator arm is rotated by a user during the simulation        of a swing;    -   a grip means connected to said flexible linkage member; and    -   said swing or actuator arm being moveable in either clockwise or        counterclockwise direction against said resistance.

Another embodiment of the present invention is a golf swing training andexercise apparatus for simulating the proper swing path and forexercising the golf swing muscles comprising:

-   -   a base;    -   a mounting frame connected to said base and extending in a        generally vertical direction;    -   a swing arm having a vertical proximal end rotatably attached to        said mounting frame by a shaft which rotates with said swing arm        and extending in an arcuate configuration toward a user of said        apparatus and having a distal end terminating in a generally        horizontal direction;    -   a grip means;    -   a linkage member connecting said grip means to said distal end        of said swing arm for permitting flexible, universal movement        between said grip means and said swing arm;    -   a resistance means cooperating with said shaft for providing        resistance to movement of said swing arm when said swing arm is        rotated by said user during the simulation of a golf swing; and    -   said swing arm being moveable in either clockwise or        counterclockwise direction against said resistance means.

Advantageously, the apparatus base is a platform extending in ahorizontal plane and structured to support a user on a flat surface.Preferably the swing arm is a rigid, metallic rod.

Advantageously in the apparatus of the present invention said resistancemeans includes a pulley attached to said shaft and a cable, one end ofwhich is wound on said pulley and the other end of which is attached toa resistance. Preferably said resistance is at least one spring.

Another embodiment of the present invention is a golf or other club,bat, racket, or like swing training and exercise apparatus forsimulating the proper swing path and for exercising the swing muscles,comprising:

-   -   a base;    -   a housing connected to the base and extending upwardly from the        base;    -   a resistance means and a linkage means supported in said        housing, the linkage means being operably connected to the        resistance means at one end and to a swing arm at the other end;    -   said linkage means being moveable in either as clockwise or        counterclockwise direction against said resistance, thereby        resisting the movement of said swing arm; said linkage means        being formed of a 2-way spool rigidly attached to a rotatable        shaft, said linkage means further including a flexible        connection means operably connected to said spool and arranged        to the wound around said spool upon rotation in either a        clockwise or a counterclockwise direction, said flexible        connection means being connected to said resistance means        whereby movement of said flexible connection means around said        spool increases said resistance, providing rotational resistance        to the rotational movement of the shaft; and    -   grip means connected to a distal end of said swing arm whereby        movement of the grip means in either a clockwise or        counterclockwise direction creates resistance to exercise the        muscles.

Advantageously the apparatus of the present invention has adjustmentmeans which includes a pivotably mounted adjustment bolt structured tobe positioned in a plurality of tension settings.

The present apparatus advantageously includes a sphere as the gripmeans. Alternately the present apparatus includes a handle as the gripmeans. Preferably said handle is rotatable about its horizontal axis.

One embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention includes a ropeas the linkage member. Another embodiment of the apparatus of thepresent invention includes a cable as the linkage member. A furtherembodiment of the apparatus of the present invention includes a chain asthe linkage member. Yet another embodiment of the apparatus of thepresent invention includes a belt as the linkage member. One embodimentof the apparatus of the present invention includes a rope as the linkagemeans. Another embodiment of the apparatus of the present inventionincludes a cable as the linkage means. A further embodiment of theapparatus of the present invention includes a chain as the linkagemeans. Yet another embodiment of the apparatus of the present inventionincludes a belt as the linkage means.

As shown in FIG. 1, the tension on the resistance means can be adjustedby known means, including the tension anchor, bolt and nut arrangement,which increases or decreases the tension on the resistance means. Thesupport base may rest upon a flat, horizontal surface, be attached to ahorizontal surface, or be attached to a vertical surface. The actuatorarm preferably has no play, i.e. any movement of the actuator armrequires effort by the user since there is preferably constant tensionby the resistance means. This is preferably accomplished by the supporthousing of the resistance means being linked to the two-way spoolwhereby the flexible control linkage comes in contact with theleverage-reducing guide rollers. This prevents any movement of theactuator arm which is not under tension by the resistance means. This isshown in greater detail in FIG. 6. FIG. 6 also depicts theleverage-controlling two-way descending spool.

Although FIG. 2 shows the padded two-hand grip, it is envisioned thatother types of grip may be substituted therefore such as a one-handedgrip, a v-type grip, a straight, cooked, or angled bar or the like inorder to facilitate other types of training or exercise while using thepresent invention.

FIG. 3 further depicts the connection between the two-way spool, theflexible control linkage, and the two-way spool housing.

The two-way spool and the leverage-reducing guide rollers may be made ofany appropriate, machinable material. Advantageously such appropriatematerials are aluminum or aluminum alloys, polymers, plastics,fiberglass, copper, copper alloys, iron, steel, and the like. Preferablythe leverage-reducing guide rollers and the two-way descending spool aremade of ultra-high molecular weight polymers such as polyamides, nylons,Delrin, and the like.

The materials of construction of the remaining portion of the apparatusof the present invention such as the actuator arm, support base, andsupport housing are advantageously metal or high-strength polymers. Thebearing units and arm/shaft connector are likewise advantageouslymetallic or high-strength plastics and preferably are manufactured of asteel alloy.

As shown in FIG. 1 the support base advantageously containstilt-adjustable anchor holes for use of the present invention in otherthan a 90 degree setting from the support base. This is particularlyadvantageous for certain exercises and certain sports training.

The apparatus of the present invention emulates the range of motion ofan actual swing thus allowing the individual to exercise the precisemuscle groups and joints involved in a particular sport such as golf,baseball, tennis, and the like. The adjustable graduated resistanceforce strengthens muscle groups in the correct ratio to the variousstages of the proper swing and trains muscle memory for proper planerotation through the full range of motion and ball strike zone. Thepresent invention develops strength and endurance for powerful, repeatedball striking without fatigue and strengthens the lower back, trunk, legand shoulder muscles, which are critical to the full body rotation of acorrect swing. Importantly, the grip of the present invention virtuallyeliminates the risk of wrist strain, tendonitis and hand fatigue duringtraining while strengthening and toning muscles in the neck, shoulders,arms, back, abs, obliques, sides, hips, thighs, calves and feet. Thepresent invention provides for simultaneous left/right swing, therebystrengthening muscles of both sides of the body for balanceddevelopment. The apparatus may be used to warm up before actuallyplaying a sport and tones, strengthens and develops stamina andendurance allowing one to play with less fatigue, play longer and avoidinjuries related to the swing motion. The apparatus has an oversizedtubular, preferably steel, framework which gives a stable base forserious workouts, is suitable for the home or a gym, and is built sturdyand engineered for years of maintenance free operation. Advantageouslythe moving parts are heavily padded with special shock absorbing foamfor maximum in safety and operator comfort.

The present invention provides an unparalleled workout to strengthen andtone the muscle groups associated with the various sports swings, and tomaintain joint fluidity and muscle memory to reinforce the proper onplane swinging movement. This permits the playing swing to be executedpainlessly, powerfully and repeatedly with reduced risk of soreness orinjury. Using the present invention aspiring athletes can develop properswing mechanics, while toning and coordinating movement of their musclesand joints. By engineering in the proper swing plane the presentapparatus relieves a child from the mental burden of keeping so manyconcepts organized and allows them to focus on executing a mechanicallyguided swing at slow motion speeds, which quickly instills the propermotion memory needed to build confidence and become better, morepowerful ball hitters.

The present apparatus is engineered to strengthen every muscle groupassociated with the whole body range of motion as one makes a powerfulswing. The entire body works in coordinated rhythm to anchor, support,balance and move through the swinging stroke. During this motion most ofthe muscle groups in the body come into play to some degree. Whilecertain muscles balance and support, others counter and control as thekey muscles drive hard from wind up to follow through.

By training with the present invention's variable resistance one canexecute a mock swing at approximately one quarter speed with everyaffected group of muscle tissue having the opportunity to contract andrelax in the proper functional order. The order of muscle actuation iscritical to the development of a strong, safe swing.

The present apparatus allows one to train both left and right handedinterchangeably without disturbing one's stance, therefore it ispossible to alternate left and right handed swings to strengthen bothsides of the body uniformly.

The main drawback in developing specific muscles or isolated musclegroups with typical gym style equipment is that even though thesetargeted muscles may be independently stronger, they lack the elasticityand muscle memory to execute the exact range of motion of the entirebody that comes into play as you coil and release from head to toemaking your swing. There is an intricate physiological relationshipbetween structural bones, pivotal joints and powerful muscles in anyparticular complex motion. The only way to train, tone and strengthenthe body for a specific range of motion is to train in the exact rangeof motion while employing some form of resistance. This resistance, whenset appropriately to your physical structure, stresses all of the jointsand muscle tissue associated with the swing and contributes to thedevelopment of muscle memory and properly functioning joint and muscleinteractivity.

The present invention through repetition of the pre-aligned course ofmotion establishes, develops and encourages a proper swing in thecorrect swing plan which is critical to accurate, consistent andpowerful ball striking. This repetition develops muscle memory andrepeatable swing dynamics in the individual enabling him or her toduplicate this proper on plane swing over and over during the course ofplay without fatigue.

Use of the present invention tones, strengthens, develops and maintainsfit, flexible muscle tissue. In addition, the rotational, pivotal,flexor and extender joints, which operate during a swing, are kept fluidand functional. By adjusting the resistance tension on the presentapparatus, it is possible to customize one's workout for challengingstrength training, mere flexibility and maintenance, or alternate strongand light days to achieve personal goals. Advantageously the presentinvention employs at least one powerful resistance coil which is lightweight so the apparatus can be moved easily. The adjustable tensionmakes it possible to tailor the devices required operating force toallow men, women, seniors, and young people to benefit by gaining orregaining strong, smooth swings. It is fast and easy to increase ordecrease the actuation resistance so one can continue in the evolutionof power development in the swing related muscle groups or simplymaintain fitness for fatigue-free play.

In strength training for the swing motion, it is critical to recognizethe wrist as the weakest link in the equation. Here-to-fore, swingtraining devices have had the weight beyond the grip which, whenoperated, strains the delicate wrist tendons and squeezing muscles inthe hands and fingers which can quickly generate fatigue, cramping andeven tendonitis which can cause considerable soreness and in some cases,cripple the wrists. With the grip of the present invention, this weaklink of the wrist is eliminated in that the wrists are not strained inpushing down or pulling up on the grip in order to manipulate theresistance. By allowing the wrists, hands, and fingers to assume atorque-free grip, the weight load is transferred to the more robustmuscle groups of the forearms, upper arms, shoulders and trunk. Thismeans that these major power muscles are exercised and stressed whilethe weaker wrist joint and hands are protected.

FIG. 14 illustrates an offset grip of the fitness device of the presentinvention in use in a golf application. As shown in FIG. 14, the handleis provided having a first free end, an elongated handle body and asecond end. In view of the illustrated golf usage for this embodiment ofthe invention, the handle body is elongated to accommodate a two handedgolf grip. FIG. 14 further illustrates the extension having a firstextension end connected to the second end of the handle and a secondextension end positioned for connection with line which is preferably aflexible tension line, such as a cable or the like. The tension line inconjunction with the power arm shown in FIG. 12 provides linkage to aresistance means of the present invention.

In a preferred embodiment, the extension is comprised of an angle memberand a tension line receiver, preferably in the form of a cover forcovering a connection between the cable line and a free end of the anglemember or provides an intermediate connector bridging the tension linewith the angle member. The angle member is preferably in the form of asolid or hollow bar that has a first end portion that extends into thesecond end of the handle and is secured in position therein. The firstend portion of the bar extends generally coaxially with the axis ofelongation of the handle and briefly out away from the second end. Theangle member has a first leg and a first angle section thatinterconnects the first leg with the first end portion of the anglemember. The first angle section is formed such that the first legextends generally transverse, from an angle of about 80 to about 100degrees being preferred, to the axis of elongation of the handle along afirst plane which extends so as to bisect the handle (not shown). Theangle member further includes a second angle section and a second legwith the second angle section interconnecting the first leg with thesecond leg. The second angle section is designed such that it has acentral axis which forms an angle, preferably, an obtuse angle, relativeto the central axis of the first leg. Optionally the central axis of thesecond leg falls along a second plane that is oblique to theaforementioned first plane on which the first axis lies. That is, withreference to FIG. 14, if the first plane bisecting the handle and thefirst leg is flush with the surface of the paper, the second leg willextend off the paper toward the viewer.

The tension line receiver is supported at a free end of the second legof the angle member and provides means to cover the interconnection ofthe tension line with the angle member, with the interconnection beingeither a direct interconnection between a free end of the second leg,e.g. such as a thread loop, or an interconnection of the tension line tothe tension line receiver with the latter being connected to the freeend of the second leg. Advantageously the extension member may be thebar depending on the function of the cylindrical tension line receiver.

With the aforementioned first and second oblique plane relationship, theextension, particularly the angle member, is designed such that handleand extension of the illustrated offset grip are arranged in an offsetfashion with respect to the tension line. Thus, a central axis of a tauttension line passes external to the grip at a height level that fallswithin the upper half of a vertically oriented handle main body. WhileFIG. 14 shows one possible angle member formation, e.g., two legs, twobends, other formations are also possible such as a single bend/singleleg relationship which places the free end of the extension at a similarlocation.

The present apparatus allows one to switch from baseball/tennis togolf/hockey swings, without altering the equipment in any way. To switchback and forth takes about one minute (after baseball/tennis orgolf/hockey bases have been established).

Since the present apparatus may be operated right and left handedsimultaneously by making five or ten strokes in one direction and thenalternating five or ten strokes in the opposite direction, one canachieve tremendous arm, shoulder, back, lat, oblique and ab workout.

The obliques and abdominals are important to a powerful swing since thetrunk of the body drives the shoulders and arms through the swing bylevering off of one's anchored stance, one can only swing as powerfullyas one can twist through the swinging range of motion.

One of the most important issues in the young athlete's swing iscoordinated muscle interaction. Despite the fact that younger athletesare more flexible than adults, care must still be shown to the propermechanics of a good swing to insure that no damage is done to ambitiousmuscles and nerves. Another key issue in the young swing is instillingthe start to finish motion of a plane swing which is accomplished byusing the present apparatus. As this proper swing is repeated throughthe course of the workout, muscle memory is established which enablesthe young player to repeat the current swing on the playing field.

The present invention is a manually operated, non-electric, exercisedevice which, when operated in the standing position, provides graduatedresistance to the operator during a simulated swing. The device guidesthe operator's range of motion in a correct swing plane causing theoperator to use the exact muscles utilized during the swinging action.By providing resistance at different levels during the range of motionthe operator benefits by developing muscle strength and tone in theproportionate ratio encountered during the actual swing whereby theoperator can achieve added distance to the ball, play with less fatigueand with reduced risk of injury or joint and muscle soreness.

This invention effectively embodies the means to span the entire rangeof motion of the swing used in correct ball striking, and in so doingstrengthens all the muscles involved in the greatly transitional rangeof motion where certain muscles are contracted and subsequently relaxedas other muscles of the progression are brought into play.

By embodying the exact mechanics of a proper swing and by generatingresistance on the simulated downswing, this invention tones,strengthens, develops and maintains fit, flexible muscle tissue. Inaddition, all of the rotational, flexor and extender joints, whichoperate during the swing, are kept fluid and strong. This allows theoperator to make more consistent and controlled swings and ensures thatswing related injuries and fatigue are greatly reduced. The resistanceforce is graduated throughout the range of motion to present the correctratio of strength training to the individual muscles and muscle groupsthus targeting these muscles in their order of importance during therange of motion.

By adjusting the tension of the various resistance actuators in theapparatus' alternate embodiments, it is possible to tailor the device'srequired operating force to allow men, women, children and seniors tobenefit by gaining or re-gaining strong, healthy swings. It is fast andeasy for an operator to increase or decrease the actuation resistance sohe or she may continue in the evolution of power development in thetarget muscles or simply maintain the various muscles for fatigue freeswinging.

1. A golf, baseball, or other sport swing training and strengtheningdevice for simulating the proper swing path, exercising the swing path,and exercising the swing muscles comprising: a base; a housing connectedto said base and extending in a generally vertical direction therefrom;an actuator arm having a vertical proximal end rotatably attached tosaid housing by a shaft which rotates with said actuator arm andextending toward a user of said apparatus and having a distal endterminating in a generally horizontal direction thereto; a flexiblelinkage member connected to said distal end of said actuator arm forpermitting universal movement between said member and said actuator arm;a resistance means and a linkage means operably corrected to theresistance means; the resistance means cooperating with said shaft forproviding resistance to movement of said actuator arm when said actuatorarm is rotated by a user during the simulation of a swing; a grip meansconnected to said flexible linkage member; and said actuator arm beingmovable in either clockwise or counterclockwise direction against saidresistance.
 2. A golf swing training and exercise apparatus forsimulating the proper swing path and for exercising the golf swingmuscles comprising: a base; a mounting frame connected to said base andextending in a generally vertical direction; a swing arm having avertical proximal end rotatably attached to said mounting frame by ashaft which rotates with said swing arm and extending in an arcuateconfiguration toward a user of said apparatus and having a distal endterminating in a generally horizontal direction; a grip means; a linkagemember connecting said grip means to said distal end of said swing armfor permitting flexible, universal movement between said grip means andsaid swing arm; a resistance means cooperating with said shaft forproviding resistance to movement of said swing arm when said swing armis rotated by said user during the simulation of a golf swing; and saidswing arm being moveable in either clockwise or counterclockwisedirection against said resistance means.
 3. The apparatus of claim 2wherein said base is a platform extending in a horizontal plane andstructured to support a user on a flat surface.
 4. The apparatus ofclaim 2 wherein said swing arm is a rigid, metallic rod.
 5. Theapparatus of claim 1 wherein said resistance means includes a pulleyattached to said shaft and a cable, one end of which is wound on saidpulley and the other end of which is attached to a resistance.
 6. Theapparatus of claim 5 wherein said resistance is at least one spring. 7.A golf or other club, bat, racket, or like swing training and exerciseapparatus for simulating the proper swing path and for exercising theswing muscles, comprising: a base; a housing connected to the base andextending upwardly from the base; a resistance means and a linkage meanssupported in said housing, the linkage means being operably connected tothe resistance means at one end and to a swing arm at the other end;said linkage means being moveable in either as clockwise orcounterclockwise direction against said resistance, thereby resistingthe movement of said swing arm; said linkage means being formed of a2-way spool rigidly attached to a rotatable shaft, said linkage meansfurther including a flexible connection means operably connected to saidspool and arranged to the wound around said spool upon rotation ineither a clockwise or a counterclockwise direction, said flexibleconnection means being connected to said resistance means wherebymovement of said flexible connection means around said spool increasessaid resistance, providing rotational resistance to the rotationalmovement of the shaft; and grip means connected to a distal end of saidswing arm whereby movement of the grip means in either a clockwise orcounterclockwise direction creates resistance to exercise the muscles.8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein said resistance means is at leastone spring.
 9. The apparatus of claim 8 further including means toadjust the static resistance of the at least one spring.
 10. Theapparatus of claim 9 wherein said adjustment means includes a pivotablymounted adjustment bolt structured to be positioned in a plurality oftension settings.
 11. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said grip meansis a sphere.
 12. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said grip means is ahandle.
 13. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the grip of said handle isrotatable about its horizontal axis.
 14. The apparatus of claim 1wherein said linkage member is a rope.
 15. The apparatus of claim 1wherein said linkage member is a cable.
 16. The apparatus of claim 1wherein said linkage member is a chain.
 17. The apparatus of claim 1wherein said linkage member is a belt.
 18. The apparatus of claim 12wherein said handle is offset and has a first free end, an elongatedhandle body and a second end, the handle body elongated to accommodate atwo handed golf grip, an extension having a first extension endconnected to the second end of the handle and a second extension endpositioned for connection with a flexible tension line which provideslinkage to the resistance means.
 19. The apparatus of claim 18 where theextension is comprised of an angle member and a tension line receiver,in the form of a cover for covering a connection between the cable lineand a free end of the angle member or an intermediate connector bridgingthe tension line with the angle member, the angle member is in the formof a solid or hollow bar that has a first end portion that extends intothe second end of the handle and is secured in position therein, thefirst end portion of the bar extends generally coaxially with the axisof elongation of the handle and briefly out away from the second end,the angle member has a first leg and a first angle section interconnectsthe first leg with the first end portion of the angle member, the firstangle section formed such that the first leg extends generallytransverse to the axis of elongation of the handle along a first planewhich extends so as to bisect the handle; the angle member furtherincludes a second angle section and a second leg with the second anglesection interconnecting the first leg with the second leg, the secondangle section has a central axis which forms an obtuse angle relative tothe central axis of the first leg, is oblique to the aforementionedfirst plane on which the first axis lies. That is, with reference toFIG. 14, if the first plane bisecting the handle and the first leg isflush with the surface of the paper, the second leg will extend off thepaper toward the viewer.
 20. A golf, baseball, or other sport swingtraining and strengthening device for simulating the proper swing pathand for exercising the swing muscles comprising: a base; a housingconnected to said base and extending in a generally vertical directiontherefrom; a swing arm having a vertical proximal end rotatably attachedto said housing by a shaft which rotates with said swing arm andextending toward a user of said apparatus and having a distal endterminating in a generally horizontal direction thereto; a flexiblelinkage member connected to said distal end of said swing arm forpermitting universal movement between said member and said swing arm; aresistance means and a linkage means operably connected to theresistance means; the resistance means cooperating with said shaft forproviding resistance to movement of said swing arm when said swing armis rotated by a user during the simulation of a swing; and said linkagemeans being moveable in either clockwise or counterclockwise directionagainst said resistance.
 21. A golf, baseball, or other sport swingtraining and strengthening device for simulating the proper swing pathand for exercising the swing muscles comprising: a base; a housingconnected to said base and extending in a generally vertical directiontherefrom; a swing arm having a vertical proximal end rotatably attachedto said housing by a shaft which rotates with said swing arm andextending toward a user of said apparatus and having a distal endterminating in a generally horizontal direction thereto; a flexiblelinkage member connected to said distal end of said swing arm forpermitting universal movement between said member and said swing arm; aresistance means and a linkage means operably connected to theresistance means; the resistance means cooperating with said shaft forproviding resistance to movement of said swing arm when said swing armis rotated by a user during the simulation of a swing; and said linkagemeans being moveable in either clockwise or counterclockwise directionagainst said resistance.